中央政府推进城乡关系协调发展的注意力配置研究——基于21份中央一号文件文本的分析

城乡失衡不利于经济社会的可持续性发展,处理好城乡关系关乎社会主义现代化建设全局。中央政府的城乡政策是城乡关系发展的关键驱动因素。文章以21份中央一号文件为样本,通过文本量化分析测量中央政府推进城乡关系发展的注意力配置。研究发现,20世纪80年代以来中央政府城乡关系的注意力强度呈现出波动中上升的特征。中央政府城乡关系注意力变迁经历了旨在缩小差距的城乡双向互动阶段、城乡统筹的一体化阶段与城乡融合的耦合发展阶段,注意力指向经历了从早期重点关注城市支援农村-统筹城乡发展-城乡基本公共服务均等化的注意力配置的嬗变过程。同时,注意力向度范围逐渐扩大,尤其向基本公共服务领域转移。     

大数据时代日本个人信息保护法探究

个人信息本来是极其隐私的事物,在大数据时代却时刻处于"裸奔"状态,时刻面临被侵犯的风险。特别在新冠肺炎疫情防控中,大数据技术发挥了重要作用,个人信息保护再次引起关注。整体而言,日本个人信息保护法以"个人优先"与"公共优先"的宗旨博弈为出发点,以"个人信息"的概念界定为基础,以个人信息权的保护为核心,以个人信息保护机构的独立设置为落脚点,为个人信息的保护奠定了基础。我国应当积极行动起来,尽快颁布《个人信息保护法》,助力大数据时代个人信息保护和数字经济的发展。     

陪审制制度中法律审和事实审分离机制探析

域外国家参审制、陪审团制及观审制的有效运行有赖于四项基本构成要素,其中陪审员个体化是界定法律审与事实审的逻辑前提,陪审员认定事实的影响力是界定法律审与事实审的基础要件,明确法官引导职责是实现法律审与事实审相互分离的基本要素,陪审员合议和决议规则是推进法律审与事实审相互分离的关键因子。由于我国推进法律审与事实审相互分离是对陪审权的根本性变革,且在实践中法律审与事实审相分离存在诸多障碍,故要建构法律审与事实审相互分离的制度,就必须明确主审法官或审判长的释明和指引职能,合理设计案件合议及决议规则,建立健全意见冲突保障机制,完善相应的配套程序等。     

中国共产党的集中统一领导决定抗"疫"之效

中国共产党的集中统一领导是中国特色社会主义制度最大、最根本的政治优势。突发的新冠肺炎疫情是对中国共产党执政能力和领导力、号召力、动员力的检验,是对党的一次大考。抗击新冠肺炎疫情的斗争,进一步彰显了中国共产党集中统一领导的政治优势。党的集中统一领导决定了我国抗"疫"之效、抗"疫"之功。在党的集中统一领导下抗"疫"斗争必将取得伟大胜利。     

病毒性出血败血症病毒实时荧光RT-RPA恒温检测方法的建立

为建立一种简单、快速的病毒性出血败血症病毒(VHSV)检测方法,本研究通过比较分析VHSV N基因的保守序列,设计了多对引物和一条探针。经过筛选优化,建立了实时荧光RT-RPA检测方法。该方法在39℃恒温反应20 min即可快速、特异性地检测出VHSV,与其他水生动物病毒不发生交叉反应,该方法检测限为1.83×10^3PFU/mL,利用本研究方法对30份鲑鳟鱼临床样品以及9份鱼类疫病病原样品进行检测,检测结果与荧光定量PCR方法结果一致。上述结果表明,本研究建立的检测方法操作简单,反应灵敏,结果可靠,仪器依赖性低,适用于现场对VHSV快速检测。     

法治追梦路上的灵魂伴侣

2021年12月,我与往常一样,打开2021年第34期《人民司法》,希望在文章里寻求灵感。蓦然间,“审理跨境电商案件的探索与思考”一文赫然入目,兼具文章作者和资深读者双重身份的我,那一刻的欣喜竟有了一种立体的律动。     

Portable high‐resolution automated 3D imaging for footwear and tire impression capture

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.     

Railway Sector Reform in China: controversy and problems

The railway sector in China has undergone several major rounds of reform and institutional restructuring since 1986. These reform initiatives have largely been unsuccessful due to strong resistance from vested interest groups. The development of China's railway sector has raised some challenging issues that include the centralization of power in the Ministry of Railways (MOR), state monopoly control, rampant corruption and the accumulation of a huge debt burden. The 2013 railway reform initiatives have provided very little in the way of concrete measures to deal with these thorny issues but have instead created more controversy and problems in an already crisis-ridden sector. For the railway industry, the transformation from the mixed-function MOR to a monopolistic China Railway Corporation (CRC) will not necessarily lead to better railway management.     

Study on the standard components of digital forensics laboratory

Recently, digital forensics has become increasingly important as it is used by investigation agencies, corporate, and private sector. To supplement the limitations of evidence capacity and be recognized in court, it is essential to establish an environment that ensures the integrity of the entire process ranging from collecting and analyzing to submitting digital evidence to court. In this study, common elements were extracted by comparing and analyzing ISO/IEC 17025, 27001 standards and Interpol and Council of Europe (CoE) guidelines to derive the necessary components for building a digital forensic laboratory. Subsequently, based on 21 digital forensic experts in the field, Delphi survey and verifications were conducted in three rounds. As a result, 40 components from seven areas were derived. The research results are based on the establishment, operation, management, and authentication of a digital forensics laboratory suitable for the domestic environment, with added credibility through collection of the opinions of 21 experts in the field of digital forensics in Korea. This study can be referred to in establishing digital forensic laboratories in national, public, and private digital forensic organizations as well as for employing as competency measurement criteria in courts to evaluate the reliability of the analysis results.